ROM,ANS CHAPTER 1:1-4 Hebrew and Greek (Westcott-Hort) Transliterated
1. Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, called [to be] an apostle, separated unto
pauloV douloV ihsou cristou klhtoV apostoloV afwrismenoV eiV
the gospel of God,
2. which he promised afore through his prophets in the holy scriptures,
3. concerning his Son, who was born of the seed of David according to the flesh,
4. who was declared [to be] the Son of God with power,
tou orisqentoV uiou qeou en dunamei
according to the spirit of holiness,
kata pneuma agiwsunhV
by the resurrection from the dead; [even] Jesus Christ our Lord,
ex anastasewV nekrwn ihsou cristou tou kuriou hmwn
Epistle is put first
in the MSS. because it is the most important of Paul's Epistles.
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(Pauloß). Roman name (Pauluß). See on "Ac
13:9" for the origin of this name by the side of Saul. Servant (douloß). Bond-slave of Jesus
Christ (or Christ Jesus as some MSS. give it and as is the rule in the later
Epistles) fo.
CALLED BY GOD
-SENT THROUGH JESUS CHRIST AND
GOD", GAL 1:1
In Galatians 1:1 klhtoß is not used, but the
rest of the verse has the same idea. Separated (apwrismenoß). Perfect passive
participle of aporizw for which verb see on "Ga 1:15". Paul is a spiritual
Pharisee (etymologically), separated not to the oral tradition, but to God's
gospel, a chosen vessel (Acts 9:15). By man also (Acts 13:2).
EVANGEL
Many of Paul's
characteristic words like euaggelion have been already discussed in the previous
Epistles that will call for little comment from now on.
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(proephggeilato). First aorist middle of proepaggellw for which verb see on "2Co 9:5". By
(dia). Through, by means
of, intermediate agency like Matthew 1:22 which see. In the holy scriptures
(en grapaiß agiaiß). No article, yet definite. Perhaps the earliest use of the
phrase (Sanday and Headlam). Paul definitely finds God's gospel in the Holy
Scriptures.
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(peri tou uiou autou). Just as Jesus found
himself in the O.T. (Luke 24:27,46). The deity of Christ
here stated. According to the flesh (kata sarka). His real humanity alongside of his real
deity. For the descent from David see Matthew 1:1,6,20; Luke 1:27;
John
7:42; Acts 13:23, etc.
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(tou orisqentoß). Articular participle (first aorist passive) of orizw for which verb see on
Luke
22:22; Acts 2:23. He was the Son of God in his preincarnate
state (2 Corinthians 8:9;
Philippians
2:6) and still so after his Incarnation (verse Romans 1:3, "of
the seed of David"), but it was the Resurrection of the dead (ex anastasewß nekrwn, the general resurrection implied by that of Christ) that
definitely marked Jesus off as God's Son because of his claims about himself
as God's Son and his prophecy that he would rise on the third day. This event
(cf. 1 Corinthians 15:1ff.)
gave God's seal "with power" (en dunamei), "in power," declared so in power
(2 Corinthians 13:4).
The Resurrection of Christ is the miracle of miracles. "The resurrection
only declared him to be what he truly was" (Denney). According to the
spirit of holiness (kata pneuma agiwsunhß). Not the Holy Spirit, but a description of
Christ ethically as kata sarka describes him physically (Denney). Hagiwsunh is rare (1 Thessalonians 3:13;
2 Corinthians 7:1
in N.T.), three times in LXX, each time as the attribute of God. "The pneuma agiwsunhß, though not the Divine nature, is that in which the Divinity or
Divine Personality Resided " (Sanday and Headlam). Jesus Christ our Lord
(Ihsou Cristou tou kuriou hmwn). These words gather up the total personality of Jesus (his
deity and his humanity).
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(eiß upakohn pistewß). Subjective genitive as in 2 Corinthians 16:26,
the obedience which springs from faith (the act of assent or surrender).
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